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Medicare Basics

Medicare 101
What You Need to Know Before You Enroll

Make confident decisions about your Medicare coverage with a clear, simple guide.

Medicare Basics

The Different Parts of Medicare

Medicare is divided into four parts, each offering unique coverage. Here’s what you need to know:

Medicare Part A

Part A
Hospital Coverage

Covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing care, hospice, and some home health services.
Medicare Part B

Part B
Medical Insurance

Covers doctor visits, outpatient care, preventive services, and medical supplies.
Medicare Part C

Part C
Medicare Advantage

An alternative to Original Medicare offered by private insurance companies, often including additional benefits.
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Part D
Prescription Coverage

Helps cover the cost of prescription medications.

Enrollment Timeline

When Can You Enroll?

Initial Enrollment Period

around your 65th birthday

Special Enrollment Period

if you qualify due to life events

Annual Enrollment Period

October 15 – December 7

Initial Enrollment Period

around your 65th birthday

Special Enrollment Period

if you qualify due to life events

Annual Enrollment Period

October 15 – December 7

Missing your enrollment window could result in penalties or gaps in coverage.

Coverage Gaps

What Original Medicare Doesn’t Cover

Understanding what’s not included helps you plan with confidence.

Common Coverage Gaps

Dental Care
Dental Care

Routine exams, cleanings, dentures

Vision Care
Vision Care

Eye exams for glasses, frames, contact lenses

Hearing
Hearing

Hearing aids and fittings

Additional Limitations

Long-Term Care - Medicare 101
Long-Term Care

Custodial care (nursing homes, assisted living)

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Care Outside the U.S.

Most services received abroad

Routine Foot Care
Routine Foot Care

Unless medically necessary

How People Fill These Gaps

Many individuals choose additional coverage to reduce out-of-pocket costs and access services not included in Original Medicare. Supplemental plans can help provide added protection, flexibility, and peace of mind.

Medicare Guide

Understanding Medicare Plan Types and Assistance Programs

Understanding your options shouldn’t feel overwhelming. Here’s a simple breakdown of common Medicare plans and programs.

Types of Medicare Plans

Available in some areas, a Medicare Cost Plan may allow you to receive care outside the network. If you do, Medicare-covered services are generally paid based on Original Medicare rules. Emergency and urgent care are covered.

Most Medicare HMO plans require members to use doctors, hospitals, and providers within the plan’s network, except in emergencies. Many also require a referral from a primary care doctor before seeing a specialist.

An MSA plan combines a high-deductible Medicare Advantage plan with a medical savings account. Medicare deposits money into the account to help pay for qualified healthcare expenses.

A PPO plan allows members to use providers both inside and outside the network, but costs are usually lower when using preferred in-network providers.

A PFFS plan sets its own payment terms for providers and determines how much members pay for care. Costs and rules can differ from Original Medicare, so it is important to review plan details carefully.

A type of Medigap policy that may require you to use certain hospitals and, in some cases, certain doctors in order to receive full benefits.

A Medicare Advantage plan designed for people with specific needs, such as those with certain chronic conditions, those living in institutions, or those eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid.

Programs That Can Help You Save

A state-run program that may help pay some Medicare costs, such as premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance, for individuals with limited income and resources.

Special projects created to test improvements in Medicare coverage, payment models, or quality of care. These may also be called demonstrations.

PACE provides comprehensive medical and social services for certain older adults, helping coordinate care in the community rather than in a nursing home setting when appropriate.

A free counseling program funded by the federal government that helps Medicare beneficiaries understand their options and make informed decisions about coverage.

A state-based program that may help eligible individuals with prescription drug costs, depending on age, income, or health condition.

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